0xGasless是一个旨在通过账户抽象和智能Paymaster逻辑实现gasless交易的基础设施层。它利用AI代理优化链上决策,将gas费责任委托给dApp,降低了Web3的进入门槛。其核心包括智能账户、捆绑服务、Paymaster合约、验证模块和AI代理,通过策略分类和Paymaster逻辑实现多样化的用例,如gasless onboarding、跨链AI任务和赞助DAO投票等。
图片来源:0XGasless 0xGasless 前沿:利用 0xGasless 和账户抽象实现的 AI 增强型 Web3 策略
去中心化应用(dApp)的承诺一直是一个金融互动无缝、透明且用户可控的未来。 然而,尽管取得了快速进展,但一个持续存在的障碍仍然存在:gas 费用。 这些波动不定、通常难以预测的交易成本构成了重要的准入壁垒,导致糟糕的用户体验(UX)、交易犹豫不决,并阻碍了 Web3 向主流采用的进程。1
想象一下,用户可以与去中心化协议交互,而无需担心持有用于 gas 的原生代币,或者由于资金不足而遇到交易失败的情况。 这就是 0xGasless 的愿景——一个革命性的基础设施层,旨在消除 gas 的复杂性,从而实现真正无缝、安全和智能管理的链上交互。2 在尖端 AI 代理和账户抽象的强大功能的驱动下,0xGasless 有望重新定义 Web3 格局。
在本次深入探讨中,我们将探索:
0xGasless 的核心不仅仅是一个框架; 它是一个全面的运行时层,旨在通过 账户抽象 (ERC-4337) 和高度可编程 Paymaster 逻辑的强大组合来促进 gasless 交易。 它充当一个抽象层,使最终用户免受 gas 费用错综复杂的机制的影响。
UserOperations
(由 ERC-4337 定义的新的、抽象的“交易”)捆绑到单个链上交易中,然后将其提交到网络。UserOperations
的 gas 费用。 它们可以包含复杂的逻辑来确定_谁_支付 gas 以及在_什么条件下_支付 gas。本质上,0xGasless 提供了强大的基础设施,可以将 gas 费用的责任 直接委托给 dApp、协议,甚至是智能自主代理。 这种范式转变意味着用户不再需要持有 ETH 等原生代币即可进行交易,从而大大降低了 Web3 的准入门槛。
通过其战略分类可以最好地理解 0xGasless 框架的多功能性,该分类将用例分为两个关键维度:赞助机制和 意图执行逻辑。 这个“0xGasless 矩阵”揭示了各种可能性。
以表格形式解释系统方法中的异同
该矩阵说明了 0xGasless 如何针对几乎所有 Web3 互动进行定制,从简单的入门到复杂的、AI 驱动的金融策略。
Paymaster 是 ERC-4337 堆栈中默默无闻的英雄,它是实现 gas 赞助的关键组件。11 Paymaster 不仅仅是一个简单的 gas 钱包,它是一个高度可编程的智能合约,能够执行自定义逻辑来确定费用赞助的资格和条件。12
Paymaster 是一个智能合约,它拦截 UserOperations
,并在满足某些条件时,代表用户签名并支付 gas 费用。13 这种动态功能允许 gas 管理方面前所未有的灵活性。
UserOperation
或外部数据中的特定参数以批准赞助。这是一个简化的示例,说明 Paymaster 的 validatePaymasterUserOp
函数可能是什么样子:
Solidity
function validatePaymasterUserOp(
bytes calldata /*userOp*/,
bytes32 /*userOpHash*/,
uint256 /*chargeFee*/
) external override returns (bytes memory context, uint256 validationData) {
// Pseudocode: Check user intent, budget allowance, AI-agent rating, etc.
require(isWhitelisted(msg.sender), "Sender not whitelisted by Paymaster"); // Example: Only whitelisted senders get sponsorship
// Further complex logic can be added here, potentially calling out to an AI oracle or governance module.
return (context, 0); // Return 0 for success in this context
}
Paymaster 不仅仅是为了方便; 它们还可以通过高级安全功能来加强:
UserOperations
。0xGasless 背后的真正智能在于其与复杂的多组件 AI 代理的集成。 这些代理充当战略层,将用户意图转换为优化的 gasless 链上操作。
Raptor 是一种先进的 agentic AI 规划器,旨在智能地解释用户的高级意图,并在去中心化生态系统中动态构建最有效、最具成本效益的执行路径。
Raptor 的功能:
示例场景:Raptor 在行动
用户表达了以下意图:“将我的代币桥接到 Arbitrum 并将其存入 Pendle 以赚取最高的 APR,然后将 LP 质押到 Beefy Finance 中。”
Raptor 的智能规划引擎将协调以下操作:
UserOperation
中,然后通过统一的 Paymaster 进行赞助,从而使整个过程对用户来说是 gasless 的。RAG 代理充当 0xGasless 生态系统中的关键 合规性和验证层。 它通过确保 AI 驱动的操作与协议治理、风险参数和社区共识保持一致来增强 AI 驱动操作的安全性和可信度。
RAG 代理的角色:
UserOperation
。示例场景:用于降低风险的 RAG 代理
用户(或代表他们的 AI 代理)尝试将资产存入 DeFi 协议上新推出的流动性池中。
RAG 代理立即执行一系列检查:
UserOperation
,从而阻止用户与潜在的风险资产进行交互。gasless 基础设施和智能 AI 代理的融合为 Web3 应用程序开辟了一个新的领域。
i) dApp 的 Gasless 入门:
ii) 跨链 AI 任务和互操作性:
iii) 赞助的 DAO 投票和治理参与:
实施 0xGasless 涉及协调几个核心组件,其中 AI 代理在决策中起着核心作用。
让我们可视化一个典型的交互,其中 AI 代理启动 gasless 交易:
代码片段
sequenceDiagram
participant User
participant Agent Raptor
participant Bundler
participant Paymaster
participant EntryPoint
participant Smart Account
participant Chain
User->>Agent Raptor: Expresses intent: "Swap ETH for USDC when price is optimal"
Agent Raptor->>Bundler: Creates optimized route (e.g., Uniswap v3) & constructs UserOperation
Bundler->>Paymaster: Requests gas sponsorship for the UserOperation
Paymaster->>Paymaster: Validates sponsorship logic (e.g., budget, whitelist, RAG approval)
Paymaster-->>Bundler: Returns sponsorship signature if valid
Bundler->>EntryPoint: Submits the UserOperation to the EntryPoint contract
EntryPoint->>Smart Account: Calls validateUserOp on the Smart Account
Smart Account->>Smart Account: Verifies signature & executes the swap logic
Smart Account->>Chain: Interacts with Uniswap (or other protocol) to perform swap
Chain-->>Smart Account: Transaction confirmed
Smart Account-->>EntryPoint: Operation complete
EntryPoint-->>Bundler: Execution result
Bundler-->>User: Notifies User of successful gasless swap
要使用 0xGasless 进行构建,开发人员通常会利用:
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
// Import necessary interfaces from ERC-4337
// These interfaces would typically be imported from a library like @account-abstraction/contracts
// For this example, we define them inline for self-containment.
/**
* @title IEntryPoint
* @dev Simplified interface for the ERC-4337 EntryPoint contract,
* specifically for the postOp function call.
*/
interface IEntryPoint {
function postOp(uint256 context, bytes calldata actualGasCost) external;
}
/**
* @title IPaymaster
* @dev Interface for the Paymaster contract as defined in ERC-4337.
* Paymasters are responsible for validating and sponsoring UserOperations.
*/
interface IPaymaster {
function validatePaymasterUserOp(
bytes calldata userOp,
bytes32 userOpHash,
uint256 chargeFee
) external returns (bytes memory context, uint256 validationData);
function postOp(
uint256 context,
bytes calldata userOp,
uint256 actualGasCost
) external;
}
/**
* @title IERC20
* @dev Standard ERC-20 token interface for handling token transfers.
*/
interface IERC20 {
function transferFrom(
address sender,
address recipient,
uint256 amount
) external returns (bool);
function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
}
/**
* @title IRaptorAgentOracle
* @dev Conceptual interface for an off-chain Raptor AI agent oracle.
* In a real scenario, this would be an oracle contract that receives
* off-chain AI computation results and makes them available on-chain.
* It validates the user's intent and proposed transaction path.
*/
interface IRaptorAgentOracle {
/**
* @dev Checks if the given user operation's intent is valid and optimal
* according to the Raptor AI agent's analysis.
* @param userOp The UserOperation data.
* @return True if the intent is valid and optimal, false otherwise.
*/
function isValidIntent(bytes calldata userOp) external view returns (bool);
}
/**
* @title IRAGAgentOracle
* @dev Conceptual interface for an off-chain RAG AI agent oracle.
* This oracle would provide governance and compliance validation
* based on retrieved information (e.g., DAO proposals, risk metrics).
*/
interface IRAGAgentOracle {
/**
* @dev Checks if the given user operation is compliant with governance
* rules and risk parameters according to the RAG AI agent's analysis.
* @param userOp The UserOperation data.
* @return True if compliant, false otherwise.
*/
function isGovernanceCompliant(bytes calldata userOp) external view returns (bool);
}
/**
* @title AIControlledPaymaster
* @dev A sophisticated Paymaster contract leveraging conceptual AI agent oracles
* (Raptor for intent, RAG for governance), daily sponsorship limits,
* and optional ERC-20 fee payments for gas abstraction.
* This contract acts as a gateway for gasless transactions, ensuring
* they align with predefined rules and AI-driven optimizations.
*/
contract AIControlledPaymaster is IPaymaster {
// --- State Variables ---
// The ERC-4337 EntryPoint contract address
address public immutable entryPoint;
// Contract owner for administrative functions
address public owner;
// Mapping to track users allowed to receive gas sponsorship
mapping(address => bool) public whitelistedUsers;
// Maximum gas sponsorship amount allowed per user per day (in native token wei)
uint256 public dailySponsorshipLimit;
// Tracks the total sponsored amount for each user today
mapping(address => uint256) public sponsoredAmountToday;
// Tracks the last day a user received sponsorship, used for daily limit reset
mapping(address => uint256) public lastSponsorshipDay;
// Address of the conceptual Raptor AI agent oracle contract
IRaptorAgentOracle public raptorAgentOracle;
// Address of the conceptual RAG AI agent oracle contract
IRAGAgentOracle public ragAgentOracle;
// Optional fee amount to be paid by the user in an ERC-20 token for sponsorship
uint256 public sponsorshipFee;
// The ERC-20 token accepted for the optional sponsorship fee
IERC20 public acceptedToken;
// --- Events ---
event UserWhitelisted(address indexed user, bool status);
event DailyLimitUpdated(uint256 newLimit);
event AgentOracleUpdated(string indexed agentName, address newAddress);
event SponsorshipFeeUpdated(uint256 newFee, address indexed token);
event FundsWithdrawn(address indexed recipient, uint256 amount);
event ERC20FundsWithdrawn(address indexed token, address indexed recipient, uint256 amount);
event UserOperationSponsored(address indexed sender, uint256 gasCost);
event PaymasterError(address indexed sender, string message);
// --- Custom Errors ---
error NotOwner();
error UserNotWhitelisted(address sender);
error DailyLimitExceeded(address sender, uint256 limit, uint256 current);
error InvalidIntent(address sender);
error GovernanceNonCompliant(address sender);
error InsufficientSponsorshipFee(uint256 required, uint256 provided);
error TransferFailed();
error InvalidEntryPoint();
error InvalidAgentOracleAddress();
error ZeroAddressNotAllowed();
// --- Constructor ---
/**
* @dev Constructor for the AIControlledPaymaster.
* @param _entryPoint The address of the ERC-4337 EntryPoint contract.
* @param _raptorAgentOracle The address of the conceptual Raptor AI agent oracle.
* @param _ragAgentOracle The address of the conceptual RAG AI agent oracle.
*/
constructor(
address _entryPoint,
address _raptorAgentOracle,
address _ragAgentOracle
) {
if (_entryPoint == address(0)) revert ZeroAddressNotAllowed();
if (_raptorAgentOracle == address(0)) revert ZeroAddressNotAllowed();
if (_ragAgentOracle == address(0)) revert ZeroAddressNotAllowed();
entryPoint = _entryPoint;
owner = msg.sender;
raptorAgentOracle = IRaptorAgentOracle(_raptorAgentOracle);
ragAgentOracle = IRAGAgentOracle(_ragAgentOracle);
dailySponsorshipLimit = 1 ether; // Default daily limit: 1 ETH worth of gas
}
// --- Modifiers ---
modifier onlyOwner() {
if (msg.sender != owner) revert NotOwner();
_;
}
// --- Core ERC-4337 Paymaster Functions ---
/**
* @dev Validates a UserOperation and determines if its gas fees should be sponsored.
* This is the primary logic gate for gasless transactions.
* @param userOp The UserOperation struct encoded as bytes.
* @param userOpHash The hash of the UserOperation.
* @param chargeFee The actual gas cost to charge (provided by EntryPoint).
* @return context A bytes value that will be passed to postOp.
* @return validationData A uint256 representing the validation result (0 for success).
*/
function validatePaymasterUserOp(
bytes calldata userOp,
bytes32 userOpHash,
uint256 chargeFee // This is the total gas cost to be paid by the Paymaster
) external override returns (bytes memory context, uint256 validationData) {
// Ensure the call comes from the EntryPoint contract
if (msg.sender != entryPoint) revert InvalidEntryPoint();
// Decode the sender address from the UserOperation
// Assumes UserOperation is structured such that sender is at a known offset.
// For full ERC-4337 compliance, you'd parse the UserOperation struct properly.
// This is a simplified parsing for demonstration.
address userOpSender;
assembly {
userOpSender := mload(add(userOp, 36)) // Assuming sender is at byte offset 20 (address is 20 bytes, plus 16 bytes for padding)
}
// 1. Whitelist Check
if (!whitelistedUsers[userOpSender]) {
emit PaymasterError(userOpSender, "User not whitelisted.");
revert UserNotWhitelisted(userOpSender);
}
// 2. Daily Sponsorship Limit Check
_checkDailyLimit(userOpSender, chargeFee);
sponsoredAmountToday[userOpSender] += chargeFee;
lastSponsorshipDay[userOpSender] = _getToday();
// 3. AI Agent Validation: Raptor (Intent Optimization)
// This interaction is conceptual. In a real system, the oracle would
// have received off-chain AI analysis and stored the result.
if (!raptorAgentOracle.isValidIntent(userOp)) {
emit PaymasterError(userOpSender, "Raptor AI: Invalid intent detected.");
revert InvalidIntent(userOpSender);
}
// 4. AI Agent Validation: RAG (Governance & Compliance)
// This interaction is conceptual.
if (!ragAgentOracle.isGovernanceCompliant(userOp)) {
emit PaymasterError(userOpSender, "RAG AI: Governance non-compliant.");
revert GovernanceNonCompliant(userOpSender);
}
// 5. Optional ERC-20 Sponsorship Fee
if (sponsorshipFee > 0 && address(acceptedToken) != address(0)) {
_handleSponsorshipFee(userOpSender);
}
emit UserOperationSponsored(userOpSender, chargeFee);
// Return 0 for successful validation, indicating sponsorship.
// The context can be used to pass data to postOp, e.g., the userOpSender.
return (abi.encodePacked(userOpSender), 0);
}
/**
* @dev Called by the EntryPoint after a UserOperation has been executed (or failed).
* Used for post-transaction logic, e.g., updating balances or logging.
* @param context The context returned from validatePaymasterUserOp.
* @param userOp The UserOperation struct encoded as bytes.
* @param actualGasCost The actual gas cost consumed by the UserOperation.
*/
function postOp(
uint256 context, // In this case, context contains the sender address
bytes calldata /*userOp*/,
uint256 actualGasCost
) external override {
// Ensure the call comes from the EntryPoint contract
if (msg.sender != entryPoint) revert InvalidEntryPoint();
// The context is the userOpSender address encoded as bytes
address userOpSender = address(uint160(context));
// You could implement more complex post-op logic here,
// such as refunding excess gas if the initial chargeFee was an estimate,
// or updating a more granular sponsorship tracking system.
// For simplicity, we just log here.
emit UserOperationSponsored(userOpSender, actualGasCost);
}
// --- Admin Functions (onlyOwner) ---
/**
* @dev Sets or unsets a user's whitelist status.
* @param user The address of the user.
* @param status True to whitelist, false to unwhitelist.
*/
function whitelistUser(address user, bool status) external onlyOwner {
whitelistedUsers[user] = status;
emit UserWhitelisted(user, status);
}
/**
* @dev Sets the daily gas sponsorship limit per user.
* @param _newLimit The new daily limit in native token wei.
*/
function setDailySponsorshipLimit(uint256 _newLimit) external onlyOwner {
dailySponsorshipLimit = _newLimit;
emit DailyLimitUpdated(_newLimit);
}
/**
* @dev Sets the addresses of the conceptual AI agent oracle contracts.
* @param _raptor The new address for the Raptor agent oracle.
* @param _rag The new address for the RAG agent oracle.
*/
function setAgentOracles(
address _raptor,
address _rag
) external onlyOwner {
if (_raptor == address(0) || _rag == address(0)) revert InvalidAgentOracleAddress();
raptorAgentOracle = IRaptorAgentOracle(_raptor);
ragAgentOracle = IRAGAgentOracle(_rag);
emit AgentOracleUpdated("Raptor", _raptor);
emit AgentOracleUpdated("RAG", _rag);
}
/**
* @dev Sets the optional ERC-20 sponsorship fee and the accepted token.
* Set _fee to 0 to disable ERC-20 fees.
* @param _fee The amount of ERC-20 token required as a fee.
* @param _token The address of the ERC-20 token to accept.
*/
function setSponsorshipFee(
uint256 _fee,
address _token
) external onlyOwner {
if (_fee > 0 && _token == address(0)) revert ZeroAddressNotAllowed();
sponsorshipFee = _fee;
acceptedToken = IERC20(_token);
emit SponsorshipFeeUpdated(_fee, _token);
}
/**
* @dev Allows the owner to withdraw native token (ETH) funds from the contract.
* @param _amount The amount of ETH to withdraw.
* @param _recipient The address to send the ETH to.
*/
function withdrawFunds(uint256 _amount, address _recipient) external onlyOwner {
if (_recipient == address(0)) revert ZeroAddressNotAllowed();
// Check if contract has enough balance
if (address(this).balance < _amount) revert InsufficientSponsorshipFee(0, address(this).balance); // Reusing error for simplicity
(bool success, ) = _recipient.call{value: _amount}("");
if (!success) revert TransferFailed();
emit FundsWithdrawn(_recipient, _amount);
}
/**
* @dev Allows the owner to withdraw ERC-20 token funds from the contract.
* @param _tokenAddress The address of the ERC-20 token to withdraw.
* @param _amount The amount of ERC-20 tokens to withdraw.
* @param _recipient The address to send the ERC-20 tokens to.
*/
function withdrawERC20Funds(
address _tokenAddress,
uint256 _amount,
address _recipient
) external onlyOwner {
if (_tokenAddress == address(0) || _recipient == address(0)) revert ZeroAddressNotAllowed();
IERC20 token = IERC20(_tokenAddress);
if (token.balanceOf(address(this)) < _amount) revert InsufficientSponsorshipFee(0, token.balanceOf(address(this))); // Reusing error
if (!token.transfer(_recipient, _amount)) revert TransferFailed();
emit ERC20FundsWithdrawn(_tokenAddress, _recipient, _amount);
}
// --- Internal Helper Functions ---
/**
* @dev Calculates the current day based on block.timestamp.
* Used for resetting daily limits.
* @return The current day number.
*/
function _getToday() internal view returns (uint256) {
return block.timestamp / 1 days;
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to check and enforce daily sponsorship limits.
* @param _sender The address of the UserOperation sender.
* @param _chargeFee The gas cost for the current UserOperation.
*/
function _checkDailyLimit(
address _sender,
uint256 _chargeFee
) internal {
uint256 today = _getToday();
if (lastSponsorshipDay[_sender] != today) {
// Reset daily sponsored amount if it's a new day
sponsoredAmountToday[_sender] = 0;
}
if (sponsoredAmountToday[_sender] + _chargeFee > dailySponsorshipLimit) {
emit PaymasterError(_sender, "Daily sponsorship limit exceeded.");
revert DailyLimitExceeded(_sender, dailySponsorshipLimit, sponsoredAmountToday[_sender] + _chargeFee);
}
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to handle the optional ERC-20 sponsorship fee payment.
* @param _sender The address of the UserOperation sender.
*/
function _handleSponsorshipFee(address _sender) internal {
// User must have approved the Paymaster to spend their tokens beforehand.
// This transferFrom call will revert if allowance is insufficient or balance is low.
if (!acceptedToken.transferFrom(_sender, address(this), sponsorshipFee)) {
emit PaymasterError(_sender, "ERC-20 fee transfer failed.");
revert TransferFailed();
}
}
// --- Receive and Fallback Functions ---
// Allows the contract to receive ETH (e.g., from the owner funding it)
receive() external payable {}
// Fallback function to catch accidental ETH transfers or calls to non-existent functions
fallback() external payable {}
}
虽然 0xGasless 提供了巨大的好处,但解决潜在的挑战以确保稳健和安全的生态系统至关重要。
0xGasless 框架 不仅仅是一个渐进式的改进; 它代表了我们与去中心化网络互动方式的根本性范式转变。 通过使用可编程 Paymaster 策略性地抽象 gas 复杂性,并通过诸如 Raptor 规划器 和 RAG 验证器 之类的复杂 AI 代理智能地指导用户意图,我们解锁了一个由以下因素定义的未来:
这不仅仅是对我们交易方式的升级; 它是 Web3 思考方式 的演变。 通过 0xGasless 实现的 agentic AI、去中心化治理和可编程 gas 逻辑的融合将成为强大的催化剂,从而开创可组合、智能和真正以用户为中心的区块链基础设施的新纪元。
- 原文链接: blog.blockmagnates.com/u...
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