Starknet 开发实战：从环境配置到账户转账全流程指南

Starknet开发实战：从环境配置到账户转账全流程指南想要进入Starknet生态进行底层开发，搭建一套稳定、高效的工具链是第一步。本文将基于最新的StarknetFoundry工具集，带你从零开始完成开发环境的配置，并实操演示如何在Sepolia测试网上创建、部署账户以及执行代

Starknet 开发实战：从环境配置到账户转账全流程指南

想要进入 Starknet 生态进行底层开发，搭建一套稳定、高效的工具链是第一步。本文将基于最新的 Starknet Foundry 工具集，带你从零开始完成开发环境的配置，并实操演示如何在 Sepolia 测试网上创建、部署账户以及执行代币转账。无论你是 Web3 开发者还是技术爱好者，这份“手把手”的实战记录都将帮你快速跑通 Starknet 的开发闭环。

文章主要内容框架

  1. 环境搭建： 使用 asdf 管理工具版本，安装 Scarb（编译器）、Starknet Foundry（测试与工具集）和 Devnet（本地环境）。
  2. 账户实操： 使用 sncast 命令行在 Sepolia 测试网创建 OpenZeppelin 和 Braavos 账户。
    • 通过测试网水龙头获取 STRK 测试币。
    • 完成账户部署并验证状态。
  3. 链上交互： 演示如何查询原生 STRK 余额，以及通过 invoke 调用合约函数执行转账。
  4. 核心知识点复习： Starknet 属于 Validity-Rollup（ZK-Rollup）。
    • Cairo 编译流程：Cairo → Sierra → CASM。
    • 账户抽象：Starknet 上的每个账户本质上都是智能合约。

实操

安装环境

Installing Scarb, Starknet Foundry, and Starknet Devnet

asdf plugin add scarb
asdf install scarb latest
asdf set -u scarb latest
Plugin named scarb already added
version 2.15.0 of scarb is already installed

asdf plugin add starknet-foundry
asdf install starknet-foundry latest
asdf set -u starknet-foundry latest
Plugin named starknet-foundry already added
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  3112  100  3112    0     0   5550      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  5547
Downloading and extracting universal-sierra-compiler-v2.6.0-aarch64-apple-darwin...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
100 3158k  100 3158k    0     0  2251k      0  0:00:01  0:00:01 --:--:-- 2251k
universal-sierra-compiler (v2.6.0) has been installed successfully.
* Downloading starknet-foundry release 0.54.1...
starknet-foundry 0.54.1 installation was successful!

asdf plugin add starknet-devnet
asdf install starknet-devnet latest
asdf set -u starknet-devnet latest
Plugin named starknet-devnet already added
* Downloading starknet-devnet release 0.7.1...
starknet-devnet 0.7.1 installation was successful!

which asdf

/opt/homebrew/bin/asdf

scarb --version
snforge --version && sncast --version
starknet-devnet --version
scarb 2.15.0 (56d7d30fb 2025-12-19)
cairo: 2.15.0 (https://crates.io/crates/cairo-lang-compiler/2.15.0)
sierra: 1.7.0
arch: aarch64-apple-darwin
snforge 0.54.1
sncast 0.54.1
starknet-devnet 0.7.1

列出可用账户

sncast account list
Error: Accounts file = /Users/qiaopengjun/.starknet_accounts/starknet_open_zeppelin_accounts.json does not exist! If you do not have an account create one with `account create` command or if you're using a custom accounts file, make sure to supply correct path to it with `--accounts-file` argument.

创建账户

sncast account create
Error: Either `--network` or `--url` must be provided.

sncast account create --network sepolia
Success: Account created

Address: 0x0672b0b89056dd8bc2d1f1d59c5b90670535dcc9c5931fcba9fbaea420990671

Account successfully created but it needs to be deployed. The estimated deployment fee is 0.007707393134881664 STRK. Prefund the account to cover deployment transaction fee

After prefunding the account, run:
sncast account deploy --network sepolia --name account-1

To see account creation details, visit:
account: https://sepolia.starkscan.co/contract/0x0672b0b89056dd8bc2d1f1d59c5b90670535dcc9c5931fcba9fbaea420990671

sncast account list
Available accounts (at /Users/qiaopengjun/.starknet_accounts/starknet_open_zeppelin_accounts.json):
- account-1:
  network: alpha-sepolia
  public key: 0x731eb71b2281c74ed8d74f753cc54daf54a3e38f06dee8c68b840aea50f8529
  address: 0x672b0b89056dd8bc2d1f1d59c5b90670535dcc9c5931fcba9fbaea420990671
  salt: 0xe1f78056ff65cbc0
  class hash: 0x5b4b537eaa2399e3aa99c4e2e0208ebd6c71bc1467938cd52c798c601e43564
  deployed: false
  legacy: false
  type: OpenZeppelin

To show private keys too, run with --display-private-keys or -p

获取测试代币

测试网水龙头：https://starknet-faucet.vercel.app/

交易详情：https://sepolia.voyager.online/tx/0x45d6074e90ef3bab5adafd32d50a80f8b1c7b05f5603c19edef0f02135ffdad

部署账户

sncast account deploy --network sepolia --name account-1
✔ Do you want to make this account default? · Yes, global default (~/.config/starknet-foundry/snfoundry.toml)
Success: Account deployed

Transaction Hash: 0x4330412fce1ac5e74b7a44a84e5b9b70161a52746d3066d1122c1c4da07cddd

To see account deployment details, visit:
transaction: https://sepolia.starkscan.co/tx/0x04330412fce1ac5e74b7a44a84e5b9b70161a52746d3066d1122c1c4da07cddd

查看确认部署账户成功

sncast account list
Available accounts (at /Users/qiaopengjun/.starknet_accounts/starknet_open_zeppelin_accounts.json):
- account-1:
  network: alpha-sepolia
  public key: 0x731eb71b2281c74ed8d74f753cc54daf54a3e38f06dee8c68b840aea50f8529
  address: 0x672b0b89056dd8bc2d1f1d59c5b90670535dcc9c5931fcba9fbaea420990671
  salt: 0xe1f78056ff65cbc0
  class hash: 0x5b4b537eaa2399e3aa99c4e2e0208ebd6c71bc1467938cd52c798c601e43564
  deployed: true
  legacy: false
  type: OpenZeppelin

To show private keys too, run with --display-private-keys or -p

查询账户余额

# sncast balance（协议层）
sncast balance --network sepolia
Balance: 725347419503972550115456 strk

# ERC20 STRK（合约层）
sncast call --contract-address 0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d --function balance_of --network sepolia --arguments 0x672b0b89056dd8bc2d1f1d59c5b90670535dcc9c5931fcba9fbaea420990671
Success: Call completed

Response:     99992993278751630080_u256
Response Raw: [0x56bae7999f8036300, 0x0]

Starknet 的原生 STRK 余额 ≠ STRK ERC20 合约余额

创建并部署 Braavos 账户

# 1. 创建账户
sncast account create --network sepolia --type braavos --name account-braavos
Success: Account created

Address: 0x0585267ed974b41abfd57642a69327e5ffec1acd5fde1c7225f5129f831815b7

Account successfully created but it needs to be deployed. The estimated deployment fee is 0.008771665806546944 STRK. Prefund the account to cover deployment transaction fee

After prefunding the account, run:
sncast account deploy --network sepolia --name account-braavos

To see account creation details, visit:
account: https://sepolia.starkscan.co/contract/0x0585267ed974b41abfd57642a69327e5ffec1acd5fde1c7225f5129f831815b7

# 2. 查看账户列表验证是否创建成功 
sncast account list
Available accounts (at /Users/qiaopengjun/.starknet_accounts/starknet_open_zeppelin_accounts.json):
- account-1:
  network: alpha-sepolia
  public key: 0x731eb71b2281c74ed8d74f753cc54daf54a3e38f06dee8c68b840aea50f8529
  address: 0x672b0b89056dd8bc2d1f1d59c5b90670535dcc9c5931fcba9fbaea420990671
  salt: 0xe1f78056ff65cbc0
  class hash: 0x5b4b537eaa2399e3aa99c4e2e0208ebd6c71bc1467938cd52c798c601e43564
  deployed: true
  legacy: false
  type: OpenZeppelin

- account-braavos:
  network: alpha-sepolia
  public key: 0x7a86dc34fac8418b250734c74d7874c01f9c0f014affeac25d6d04ed4cbf710
  address: 0x585267ed974b41abfd57642a69327e5ffec1acd5fde1c7225f5129f831815b7
  salt: 0xe3d346e664b47c94
  class hash: 0x3957f9f5a1cbfe918cedc2015c85200ca51a5f7506ecb6de98a5207b759bf8a
  deployed: false
  legacy: false
  type: Braavos

To show private keys too, run with --display-private-keys or -p

# 3. 获取测试代币后查看余额
sncast call --contract-address 0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d --function balance_of --network sepolia --arguments 0x585267ed974b41abfd57642a69327e5ffec1acd5fde1c7225f5129f831815b7
Success: Call completed

Response:     100000000000000000000_u256
Response Raw: [0x56bc75e2d63100000, 0x0]

# 4. 部署账户
sncast account deploy --network sepolia --name account-braavos
✔ Do you want to make this account default? · Yes, global default (~/.config/starknet-foundry/snfoundry.toml)
Success: Account deployed

Transaction Hash: 0x7edbcaff1ef1deaa44b50b984d4c8c44938bcf2e234939a9b0111bcf161769b

To see account deployment details, visit:
transaction: https://sepolia.starkscan.co/tx/0x07edbcaff1ef1deaa44b50b984d4c8c44938bcf2e234939a9b0111bcf161769b

# 5. 再次查看余额
sncast call --contract-address 0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d --function balance_of --network sepolia --arguments 0x585267ed974b41abfd57642a69327e5ffec1acd5fde1c7225f5129f831815b7
Success: Call completed

Response:     99992025758063752448_u256
Response Raw: [0x56bab09a581197500, 0x0]

# 6. 查看账户列表验证账户是否部署成功
sncast account list
Available accounts (at /Users/qiaopengjun/.starknet_accounts/starknet_open_zeppelin_accounts.json):
- account-1:
  network: alpha-sepolia
  public key: 0x731eb71b2281c74ed8d74f753cc54daf54a3e38f06dee8c68b840aea50f8529
  address: 0x672b0b89056dd8bc2d1f1d59c5b90670535dcc9c5931fcba9fbaea420990671
  salt: 0xe1f78056ff65cbc0
  class hash: 0x5b4b537eaa2399e3aa99c4e2e0208ebd6c71bc1467938cd52c798c601e43564
  deployed: true
  legacy: false
  type: OpenZeppelin

- account-braavos:
  network: alpha-sepolia
  public key: 0x7a86dc34fac8418b250734c74d7874c01f9c0f014affeac25d6d04ed4cbf710
  address: 0x585267ed974b41abfd57642a69327e5ffec1acd5fde1c7225f5129f831815b7
  salt: 0xe3d346e664b47c94
  class hash: 0x3957f9f5a1cbfe918cedc2015c85200ca51a5f7506ecb6de98a5207b759bf8a
  deployed: true # 成功部署
  legacy: false
  type: Braavos

To show private keys too, run with --display-private-keys or -p

转账实操

# 1. 转账之前查看 account-1: 余额
sncast call --contract-address 0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d --function balance_of --network sepolia --arguments 0x672b0b89056dd8bc2d1f1d59c5b90670535dcc9c5931fcba9fbaea420990671
Success: Call completed

Response:     99992993278751630080_u256
Response Raw: [0x56bae7999f8036300, 0x0]

# 2. 转账之前查看 account-braavos: 余额
sncast call --contract-address 0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d --function balance_of --network sepolia --arguments 0x585267ed974b41abfd57642a69327e5ffec1acd5fde1c7225f5129f831815b7
Success: Call completed

Response:     99992025758063752448_u256
Response Raw: [0x56bab09a581197500, 0x0]

# 3. 执行转账操作
sncast --account account-1 invoke --network sepolia --contract-address 0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d --function transfer --arguments '0x585267ed974b41abfd57642a69327e5ffec1acd5fde1c7225f5129f831815b7,1000000000000000000'
Success: Invoke completed

Transaction Hash: 0x04039b1f84437fc795a0a70189a755dfc7591c9d8d8512b61e685f0b0cb625e0

To see invocation details, visit:
transaction: https://sepolia.starkscan.co/tx/0x04039b1f84437fc795a0a70189a755dfc7591c9d8d8512b61e685f0b0cb625e0

# 4. 转账之后查看 account-braavos: 余额
sncast call --contract-address 0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d --function balance_of --network sepolia --arguments 0x585267ed974b41abfd57642a69327e5ffec1acd5fde1c7225f5129f831815b7
Success: Call completed

Response:     100992025758063752448_u256
Response Raw: [0x5798bc059287d7500, 0x0]

# 5. 转账之后查看 account-1: 余额
sncast call --contract-address 0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d --function balance_of --network sepolia --arguments 0x672b0b89056dd8bc2d1f1d59c5b90670535dcc9c5931fcba9fbaea420990671
Success: Call completed

Response:     98984058876750531968_u256
Response Raw: [0x55dae051bbf110d80, 0x0]

练习一

1. Starknet 在 Rollup 分类中属于哪一种类型？

Starknet is a Validity-Rollup(aka ZK-Rollup) Layer 2 network that operates on top of Ethereum.

2. Starknet 中负责交易排序、执行并生成区块的组件是？Sequencer

3. Cairo 程序运行在 CairoVM 上，并可生成有效性证明

4. Starknet 与 StarkEx 的主要区别是什么？ StarkEx 面向特定应用并需要 StarkWare 授权，Starknet 是开放网络。

5. 关于 Starknet 上的账户抽象（Account Abstraction），Starknet 上的每个账户本质上都是一个智能合约

练习二

1. Cairo 的编译流程：Cairo → Sierra → CASM → CairoVM 执行

2. 为什么在合约中表示金额时更推荐使用 u256 而不是 felt252？u256 在算术溢出时会触发 panic

3. Cairo 中的变量默认是？不可变的

4. 关于快照（@）和引用（ref）， 快照不转移所有权且只读，引用不转移所有权且可写

5. Span 和 Array 的主要区别是？Span 是只读的数组视图

总结

工欲善其事，必先利其器。通过本文的实操，我们不仅打通了 Starknet 开发的基础路径，也深刻理解了 Starknet 账户抽象和原生 STRK 代币的交互逻辑。掌握 Scarb 和 Starknet Foundry 的使用，是深入研究 Cairo 智能合约开发的前提。下一步，建议读者尝试编写简单的 Cairo 合约并使用 Foundry 进行单元测试，进一步探索 Starknet 的高性能生态。

参考

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